Marshall, Texas Marshall, Texas Location in the state of Texas Location in the state of Texas State Texas Marshall is a town/city in and the governmental center of county of Harrison County in the northeastern corner of the U.S.
State of Texas. Marshall is a primary cultural and educational center in East Texas and the tri-state area.
At the 2010 census, the populace of Marshall was about 23,523.
Marshall was a political and manufacturing center of the Confederacy amid the Civil War.
Activists in the city's large black population worked to problematic civil change through the Civil Rights Movement, with considerable support from the historically black universities and universities here.
The town/city is known for holding one of the biggest light celebrations in the United States, the "Wonderland of Lights", and, as the self-proclaimed "Pottery Capital of the World", for its sizeable pottery industry.
Marshall is referred to by various nicknames: the "Cultural Capital of East Texas", the "Gateway of Texas", the "Athens of Texas", the "City of Seven Flags" and "Center Stage," a branding slogan adopted by the Marshall Convention and Visitors Bureau.
Main article: History of Marshall, Texas The town/city was established in 1841 as the seat of Harrison County after floundered attempts to establish a governmental center of county on the Sabine River.
The town/city quickly became a primary city in the state because of its position as a gateway to Texas; it was on the route of a several major stage coach lines and one of the first barns lines constructed into Texas ran through it.
The beginning of a several colleges, including a number of seminaries, teaching colleges, and incipient universities, earned Marshall the nickname "the Athens of Texas," in reference to the ancient Greek city-state.
The city's burgeoning importance was confirmed when Marshall was linked by a telegraph line to New Orleans; it was the first town/city in Texas to have a telegraph service. By 1860, Marshall was the fourth-largest town/city in Texas and the seat of its richest county.
Many planters and other caucasians were firmly anti-Union because of their investment in slavery, but some inhabitants of Marshall fought for the North.
Pendleton Murrah, Texas's third Confederate governor, was also from Marshall.
The town/city became a primary Confederate supply depot and manufactory of gunpowder for the Confederate Army, and hosting three conferences of Trans-Mississippi and Indian Territory leaders.
The town/city was used as the capital of Missouri's Confederate government-in-exile, earning it the nickname the "City of Seven Flags." Marshall became the seat of Confederate civil authority and command posts of the Trans-Mississippi Postal Department after the fall of Vicksburg.
Toward the end of the American Civil War, the Confederate government had $9.0 million in Treasury notes and $3.0 million in postage stamps shipped to Marshall. They may have intended Marshall as the destination of a government preparing to flee from advancing armies.
A former slave displays a horn in 1939 that was formerly used by planters to call slaves on the outskirts of Marshall.
Many freedmen moved to Marshall from non-urban areas amid Reconstruction, creating their own improve and seeking the chance to live away from the oversight of whites.
Marshall was occupied by Union forces on June 17, 1865. During Reconstruction, the town/city was home to an office of the Freedmen's Bureau and was the base for Union troops.
Lane and his brother George, took control of the town/city and county governments.
The Lanes ultimately declared Marshall and Harrison County "redeemed" from Union and black control. Even with this the black improve continued to progress.
Marshall's "Railroad Era" began in the early 1870s.
Harrison County people voted to offer $300,000 bond subsidy, and the City of Marshall offered to donate territory north of the downtown to the Texas and Pacific Railway if the business would establish a center in Marshall.
T&P President Jay Gould accepted the company incentive, locating the T&P's workshops and general offices for Texas in Marshall.
The town/city immediately had a populace explosion from workers thriving to the potential for new jobs here. When one light bulb was installed in the Texas and Pacific Depot, Marshall became the first town/city in Texas to have electricity.
During this reconstructionof wealth, many of the city's now historic homes were constructed.
The city's most prominent industry, pottery manufacturing, began with the establishment of Marshall Pottery in 1895.
In the non-urban areas of Harrison County, there was more interaction between white citizens and African Americans than in the city, and caucasians and blacks were often neighbors.
In the 1960s the Harrison County Courthouse, center, was the site of the first sit-ins in Texas by the civil rights movement.
Lancaster, the Texas and Pacific Railway experienced its height amid the first half of the 20th century, and Marshall's ceramics trade period to the point that the town/city was called by boosters the "Pottery Capital of the World." The first student at Marshall High School to have a car was Lady Bird Johnson, a kind of progress that excited many students.
In the early and mid-20th century, Marshall's traditionally black universities were grow intellectual and cultural centers.
Elks Building, Marshall, Texas (postcard, 1909) Fred Lewis, as the secretary of the Harrison County NAACP, challenged the earliest White Citizens Party in Texas and the laws it enforced.
He sued and the United States Supreme Court ordered the desegregation of postgraduate studies in Texas in the Sweatt v.
Downtown Marshall to the north of the former Harrison County Courthouse Also in that year, Carolyn Abney became the first woman to be propel to the town/city commission.
In April 1975, nearly a decade after passage of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965, small-town businessman Sam Birmingham became the first African American to be propel to the town/city commission.
Marshall's barns trade declined amid the revamping of the industry; most trains were converted to diesel fuel and many lines consolidated .
During the mid-20th century, the town/city lost many of its historic landmarks to redevelopment or neglect.
By 1990, Marshall's opera home, the Missouri Capitol, the Moses Montefiore Synagogue, the initial Viaduct, the Capitol Hotel, and the ground of Bishop College (including the Wyalucing plantation home) had been demolished.
Due to newly instead of assembly projects, the town/city was one of ten designated in 1976 as an All American City by the National Civic League.
In 1978, then Taipei mayor, Lee Teng-Hui, and Marshall mayor, William Q.
Burns, signed legislation recognizing Marshall as a sister town/city with the much larger Taipei.
During this reconstruction - Bill Moyers won an Emmy for his documentary, Marshall, Texas: Marshall, Texas, chronicling the history of race relations in the city.
In terms of the city's economy, the 1960s through 1980s were a reconstructionof civil and economic diminish for the city.
By 2005, the Joe Weisman & Company building, the T&P Depot, the former Hotel Marshall (now known as "The Marshall"), and the former Harrison County Courthouse were either restored or under restoration.
An unusual number of patent lawsuits are being filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas which includes Marshall, Tyler, and Texarkana.
Marshall has a reputation for plaintiff-friendly juries for the 5% of patent lawsuits that reach trial.
The second-highest number of patent suits is filed here, after the United States District Court for the Central District of California in Los Angeles. The trend continued through 2011 in the Eastern District of Texas, which includes Marshall, with the number of patent lawsuits more than doubling from 2010. Marshall was profiled on This American Life as its juries' support of patent suits generated controversy. The town/city entered into a legal battle with small-town inhabitants and surroundingalists about the amount of water it could draw out of Caddo Lake, the origin of the city's water.
John Tennison, a San Antonio physician and musicologist, publicized his research that found that Boogie Woogie music was first advanced in the Marshall region in the early 1870s.
On May 13, 2010, the Marshall City Commission unanimously passed an ordinance declaring Marshall to be "the Birthplace of Boogie Woogie." Marshall is roughly 150 miles (240 km) east of Dallas, Texas and 40 miles (64 km) west of Shreveport, Louisiana.
The intersection of US 80 and US 59 and the intersection of US 59 and Interstate 20 are positioned inside the town/city limits of Marshall.
According to the United States Enumeration Bureau, the town/city has a total region of 29.6 square miles (77 km2), of which, 29.6 square miles (77 km2) is territory and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.27%) is water.
Marshall is closer to the capitals of Arkansas (Little Rock, 190 miles (310 km)), Louisiana (Baton Rouge, 239 miles (385 km)), and Mississippi (Jackson, 243 miles (391 km)) than it is to the capital of Texas (Austin, 253 miles (407 km)).
The town/city lies inside the Eastern Interconnection clean water the Texas Interconnection, making it part of only 15% of the state to lie outside of that power grid.
This portion of the town/city radiates out from downtown which is centered on the Old Harrison County Courthouse in Peter Whetstone Square.
Immediately to the north of the square is the Ginocchio National Historic District where the city's Amtrak station is located.
In addition to the Ginocchio National Historic District, this part of the town/city is home to East Texas Baptist University, and three historic cemeteries: Marshall Cemetery, Powder Mill Cemetery, and Greenwood, which is divided into Christian and Jewish sections.
On average, Marshall receives 51.2 inches (1,300 mm) of precipitation per year.
Summers in Marshall are hot and humid, with average temperatures higher than 85 degrees Fahrenheit (29 C) from June through September.
In 2008, Hurricane Ike hit Marshall difficult with winds over 60 miles per hour (100 km/h).
82% of the populace in Marshall was without power for at least 24 hours. Climate data for Marshall, Texas The ethnic makeup of the town/city was 54.7% White, 38.6% African American, <0.1% Native American, 0.6% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.8% from other competitions, and 0.9% from two or more competitions.
In the city, the populace was spread out with 26.1% under the age of 18, 13.4% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older.
Main article: Politics of Marshall, Texas The City of Marshall has a Council-manager form of municipal government, with all governmental powers resting in a legislative body called a Commission.
The Commission passes all town/city laws and ordinances, adopts budgets, determines town/city policy, and appoints town/city officials, including the City Manager.
The town/city manager serves as the executive of the town/city government and is in charge of enforcing town/city laws and administering the city's various departments.
The City Commission City Hall in Marshall The City Commission has seven members, each propel from a single-member district.
Districts 1 4 divide the town/city into four districts, and the districts 5 7 divide the town/city into three districts that overlay Districts 1 4.
So every locale in the town/city falls in two districts, one from each set.
After each election, the City Commission selects a commissioner to serve as Chairman of the Commission, generically called a Mayor, until after the next year's election.
The City Commission meets twice a month on the second and fourth Thursdays, in addition to any special sessions that are called or regular meetings that are canceled.
District 2015 Commission 2012 Commission 2010 Commission 2007 Commission 2002 Commission 1999 Commission District 4 La - Darius Carter Bill Marshall Jack Hester Jack Hester Jack Hester Audrey Kariel (Mayor) Management of the town/city and coordination of town/city services are provided by: Marshall is represented in the Texas Senate by Republican Kevin Eltife, District 1, and in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican Chris Paddie, District 9.
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Marshall District Parole Office in Marshall. Senators from Texas are Republicans John Cornyn and Ted Cruz; Marshall is part of Texas' US Congressional 1st District, which is presently represented by Republican Louie Gohmert.
The United States Postal Service operates the Marshall Post Office. The majority of the nation's patent litigation is handled in or around Marshall, Texas. Marshall's economy is diversified and includes services such as Insurance claims refining at Health Care Service Corporation, also known as Blue - Cross Blue - Shield of Texas, education at a several institutes of higher learning, manufacturing such as wood kitchen cabinets at Republic Industries and pottery at a several manufacturers.
The Marshall Economic Development Corporation or MEDCO lobbies companies to locate in Marshall and offers incentives to businesses that do.
The Greater Marshall Chamber of Commerce represents the interests of small-town businesses to local, state, and nationwide leaders.
The Harrison County Airport is positioned in Marshall.
Ongoing expansion of Interstate 69 from Indianapolis, Indiana to Victoria, Texas will problematic Interstate 369 branching off from Tenaha, Texas and go north to Texarkana, Texas using U.S.
Main article: Education in Marshall, Texas Secondary and major education in the town/city is almost entirely conducted by the Marshall Independent School District, with more than six thousand students at twelve campuses.
A total of nearly two thousand students annually attend universities in the city, bringing energy to the area: East Texas Baptist University, the historically black Wiley College, Texas State Technical College-Marshall, and Panola College-Marshall.
Wiley College is one of the earliest historically black establishments in the United States.
The town/city has one newspaper, The Marshall News Messenger, a subsidiary of the close-by Longview newspaper.
Marshall has an ABC news office.
The small-town cable company, Fidelity Communications (formerly Cobridge Communications), provides public-access tv channels that show small-town football games produced by KMHT radio, and meetings of the City and County Commissions (both live and replayed), as well as streaming audio from KMHT.
Main article: List of sites of interest in Marshall, Texas Main article: List of citizens from Marshall, Texas Bryan Hughes (born 1969) former attorney in Marshall; member of the Texas House of Representatives Isaac Van Zandt (1813 1847) statesman of both Republic and State of Texas Grant playwright, Texas legislator, state judge Frank Shelby Groner (1877-1943) President of College of Marshall.
Prescott (1863 1942) educator; beginning president of Louisiana Tech University; school principal in Marshall, 1884-1885 "Texas State Travel Guide/Wonderland of Lights".
"About Marshall Texas".
"Marshall, Texas", Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities a b "Monthly Averages for Marshall, TX".
Texas Almanac: City Population History 1850 2000 City of Marshall.
2 (Chicago and New York City: American Historical Society, 1925), pp.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marshall, Texas.
Marshall News Messenger 528 declaring Marshall Day at the State Capitol Historic photos of Marshall, hosted by the Portal to Texas History Municipalities and communities of Harrison County, Texas, United States State of Texas
Categories:
Cities in Texas - County seats in Texas - Cities in Harrison County, Texas - History of black civil rights - History of civil rights in the United States - Marshall, Texas - Micropolitan areas of Texas - Populated places established in 184
|