Galveston, Texas Galveston, Texas City of Galveston From upper left: Galveston skyline, Bishop's Palace, Ashbel Smith Building, Moody Gardens Aquarium, St.
Mary Cathedral Basilica and Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier From upper left: Galveston skyline, Bishop's Palace, Ashbel Smith Building, Moody Gardens Aquarium, St.
Mary Cathedral Basilica and Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier Official seal of Galveston, Texas Location in Galveston County in the state of Texas Location in Galveston County in the state of Texas County Galveston Galveston (/ lv st n/ gal-viss-t n) is a coastal resort town/city on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S.
The improve of 209.3 square miles (542 km2), with an estimated populace of 50,180 in 2015, is the governmental center of county and second-largest municipality of Galveston County.
Named after Bernardo de Galvez y Madrid, Count of Galvez (born in Macharaviaya, Malaga, Spain), Galveston's first European settlements on the island were assembled around 1816 by French pirate Louis-Michel Aury to help the fledgling Republic of Mexico fight Spain.
The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its independence from Spain.
The town/city was the chief port for the Texas Navy amid the Texas Revolution, and later served as the capital of the Republic of Texas.
It was devastated by the 1900 Galveston Hurricane, whose effects encompassed flooding and a storm surge.
Galveston is home to six historic districts including one of the biggest and historically momentous collections of 19th-century buildings in the United States, with over 60 structures listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
4.1 Port of Galveston Main article: History of Galveston, Texas Plan of the City of Galveston, Texas (circa 1845) Map of City of Galveston (circa 1904) Galveston Island was originally inhabited by members of the Karankawa and Akokisa tribes who called the island Auia.
The island's first permanent European settlements were constructed around 1816 by the pirate Louis-Michel Aury to support Mexico's rebellion against Spain. In 1817, Aury returned from an unsuccessful raid against Spain to find Galveston occupied by the pirate Jean Lafitte. Lafitte organized Galveston into a pirate "kingdom" he called "Campeche", anointing himself the island's "head of government." Lafitte remained in Galveston until 1821, when the United States Navy forced him and his raiders off the island. In 1825 the Congress of Mexico established the Port of Galveston and in 1830 erected a customs home. Galveston served as the capital of the Republic of Texas when in 1836 the interim president David G.
In 1839, the City of Galveston adopted a charter and was incorporated by the Congress of the Republic of Texas. The town/city was by then a burgeoning port of entry and thriving many new inhabitants in the 1840s and later among the flood of German immigrants to Texas, including Jewish merchants. Together with ethnic Mexican residents, these groups tended to oppose slavery, support the Union amid the Civil War, and join the Republican Party after the war.
During this expansion, the town/city had many "firsts" in the state, with the beginning of establishments and adoption of inventions: postal service (1836), naval base (1836), Texas chapter of a Masonic order (1840); cotton compress (1842), Catholic parochial school (Ursuline Academy) (1847), insurance business (1854), and gas lights (1856). Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the town/city in January 1863 in the Battle of Galveston. In 1867 Galveston suffered a yellow fever epidemic; 1800 citizens died in the city. These occurred in waterfront and river metros/cities throughout the 19th century, as did cholera epidemics.
Ruby and Norris Wright Cuney, who headed the Texas Republican Party and promoted civil rights for freedmen, helped to dramatically advancement educational and employment opportunities for blacks in Galveston and in Texas. Cuney established his own company of stevedores and a union of black dockworkers to break the white monopoly on dock jobs.
Galveston was a cosmopolitan town/city and one of the more prosperous amid Reconstruction; the Freedmen's Bureau was headquartered here.
By the end of the 19th century, the town/city of Galveston had a populace of 37,000.
Its position on the natural harbor of Galveston Bay along the Gulf of Mexico made it the center of trade in Texas.
It was one of the nation's biggest cotton ports, in competition with New Orleans. Throughout the 19th century, the port town/city of Galveston interval quickly and the Strand was considered the region's major company center.
In February 1897, the USS Texas (nicknamed Old Hoodoo), the first commissioned battleship of the United States Navy, visited Galveston.
Further information: Galveston Hurricane of 1900 and Open Era of Galveston On September 8, 1900, the island was hit by a devastating hurricane. This event holds the record as the United States' deadliest natural disaster. The town/city was devastated, and an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 citizens on the island were killed. Following the storm, a 10-mile (16 km) long, 17 foot (5.2 m) high seawall was assembled to protect the town/city from floods and hurricane storm surges.
Sunset Route, Seawall, Galveston, Texas (postcard, c.
The town/city developed the town/city commission form of town/city government, known as the "Galveston Plan", to help expedite recovery. Even with attempts to draw investment to the town/city after the hurricane, Galveston never returned to its levels of nationwide importance or prosperity.
Development was also hindered by the assembly of the Houston Ship Channel, which brought the Port of Houston into competition with the natural harbor of the Port of Galveston for sea traffic.
Through the accomplishments of Rabbi Henry Cohen and Congregation B'nai Israel, Galveston became the focus of an immigration plan called the Galveston Movement that, between 1907 and 1914, diverted roughly 10,000 Eastern European Jewish immigrants from the usual destinations of the crowded metros/cities of the Northeastern United States. Additionally various other immigrant groups, including Greeks, Italians and Russian Jews, came to the town/city during this period. This immigration trend substantially altered the ethnic makeup of the island, as well as many other areas of Texas and the U.S.
Although the storm stalled economic evolution and the town/city of Houston advanced as the region's principal metropolis, Galveston economic leaders recognized the need to diversify from the traditional port-related industries.
Kempner, members of two of Galveston's dominant families established the American National Insurance Company. Two years later, Moody established the City National Bank, which would turn into the Moody National Bank. Combined with prostitution, which had existed in the town/city since the Civil War, Galveston became known as the "sin city" of the Gulf. Galvestonians accepted and supported the illegal activities, often referring to their island as the "Free State of Galveston". The island had entered what would later turn into known as the "open era". The foundation, one of the biggest in the United States, would play a prominent part in Galveston amid later decades, helping to fund various civic and health-oriented programs. Increasing enforcement of gambling laws and the expansion of Las Vegas, Nevada as a competing center of gambling and entertainment put pressure on the gaming trade on the island. Finally in 1957, Texas Attorney General Will Wilson and the Texas Rangers began a massive campaign of raids which disrupted gambling and prostitution in the city. As these vice industries crashed, so did tourism, taking the rest of the Galveston economy with it. Neither the economy nor the culture of the town/city was the same afterward. By 1959, the town/city of Houston had long out-paced Galveston in populace and economic growth.
Beginning in 1957, the Galveston Historical Foundation began its accomplishments to preserve historic buildings. The 1966 book The Galveston That Was helped encourage the preservation movement.
Already home to the University of Texas Medical Branch, the town/city got a boost in 1962 with the creation of the Texas Maritime Academy, predecessor of Texas A&M University at Galveston; and by 1967 a improve college, Galveston College, had been established. Hurricane Ike made landfall on Galveston Island in the early morning of September 13, 2008 as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 110 miles per hour.
Notably the addition of the Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier and the replacement of the bascule-type drawbridge on the barns causeway with a vertical-lift-type drawbridge to allow heavier freight. Further information: Galveston Island and Galveston Bay The town/city of Galveston is situated on Galveston Island, a barrier island off the Texas Gulf coast near the mainland coast.
The town/city is about 45 miles (72 km) southeast of downtown Houston. The island is oriented generally northeast-southwest, with the Gulf of Mexico on the east and south, West Bay on the west, and Galveston Bay on the north.
Communities in easterly Galveston include Lake Madeline, Offats Bayou, Central City, Fort Crockett, Bayou Shore, Lasker Park, Carver Park, Kempner Park, Old City/Central Business District, San Jacinto, East End, and Lindale. As of 2009 many inhabitants of the west end use golf carts as transit to take them to and from residentiary homes, the Galveston Island Country Club, and stores.
In 2011 Rice University released a study, "Atlas of Sustainable Strategies for Galveston Island," which argued the West End of Galveston was quickly eroding and the City should reduce assembly and/or populace in that area.
The town/city of Galveston looking southeast toward the Gulf of Mexico.
Downtown Galveston and the Strand Historic District are at the far right, while East Beach and the University of Texas Medical Branch Children's Hospital and Shriners Children's Burns Hospital are to the far left.
Galveston is home to six historic districts with over 60 structures listed representing architectural significance in the National Register of Historic Places. The Silk Stocking National Historic District, between Broadway and Seawall Boulevard and bounded by Ave.
The Strand National Historic Landmark District is a National Historic Landmark District of mainly Victorian era buildings that have been adapted for use as restaurants, antique stores, historical exhibits, exhibitions and art arcades.
Today, "the Strand" is generally used to refer to the five-block company precinct between 20th and 25th streets in downtown Galveston, near the city's wharf.
Source: National Weather Service Forecast Office Houston/Galveston, Texas: Galveston Climate Data Hurricanes are an ever-present threat amid the summer and fall season, which puts Galveston in Coastal Windstorm Area.
Galveston Island and the Bolivar Peninsula are generally at the greatest threat among the communities near the Galveston Bay.
Climate data for Galveston, Texas (Scholes Int'l), 1981 2010 normals, extremes 1871 present Climate data for Galveston, Texas (COOP station), 1981 2010 normals The Port of Galveston, also called Galveston Wharves, began as a trading post in 1825. Today, the port has grown to 850 acres (3.4 km2) of port facilities.
The port is positioned on the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, on the north side of Galveston Island, with some facilities on Pelican Island.
In November 2011 the business made Galveston home port to its 3,960-passenger mega-ships Carnival Magic and Carnival Triumph, as well.
Carnival Magic sails a seven-day Caribbean cruise from Galveston, and it is the biggest cruise ship based at the Port year-round. Galveston is the home port to Royal Caribbean International's, MS Liberty of the Seas, which is the biggest cruise ship ever based here and one of the biggest ships in the world.
In September 2012 Disney Cruise Line's Disney Magic also became based in Galveston, offering four-, six-, seven-, and eight-day cruises to the Caribbean and the Bahamas.
American National Insurance Company, one of the biggest life insurance companies in the United States, is based in Galveston.
Through its subsidiary, American National de Mexico, Compania de Seguros de Vida, it provides products and services in Mexico. Moody National Bank, with command posts in downtown Galveston, is one of the biggest privately owned Texas-based banks.
Galveston is the home of a several of the biggest teaching hospitals in the state, positioned on the ground of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
The town/city is also home to a 30-bed acute burns hospital for children, the Shriners Burns Hospital at Galveston. The Galveston hospital is one of only four in the chain of 22 non-profit Shriners hospitals, that provides acute burns care. Although the Galveston Hospital was damaged by Hurricane Ike, the Shriners nationwide convention held in July 2009 voted to repair and reopen the hospital. In the late 1800s Galveston was known as the "Playground of the South" Today, it still retains a shared claim to the title among primary cities along the Gulf Coast states.
The city's tourist attractions include the Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier, Galveston Schlitterbahn waterpark, Moody Gardens botanical park, the Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig & Museum, the Lone Star Flight Museum, Galveston Railroad Museum, a downtown neighborhood of historic buildings known as The Strand, many historical exhibitions and mansions, and miles of beach front from the East End's Porretto Beach, Stewart Beach to the West End pocket parks.
The Strand plays host to a annual Mardi Gras festival, Galveston Island Jazz & Blues Festival and a Victorian-themed Christmas festival called Dickens on the Strand (honoring the works of novelist Charles Dickens, especially A Christmas Carol) in early December.
Galveston is home to a several historic ships: the tall ship Elissa (the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and USS Cavalla and USS Stewart, both berthed at Seawolf Park on close-by Pelican Island.
Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States. In October 2015, Galveston Arts Center will jubilate relocation to its initial home, the historic 1878 First National Bank Building on the Strand.
Galveston is home to the Galveston Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble of amateur and experienced musicians formed in 1979 under the direction of Richard W.
The Galveston Ballet is a county-wide pre-professional ballet business and academy serving Galveston county. The business presents one full-length classical ballet in the spring of each year and one different repertory program in the fall, both presented at the Grand 1894 Opera House.
National Weather Bureau's Galveston office under Isaac Cline amid the 1900 Storm. Galveston contains one of the biggest and historically momentous collections of 19th-century buildings in the United States.
Galveston's architectural preservation and revitalization accomplishments over a several decades have earned nationwide recognition. Located in the Strand District, the Grand 1894 Opera House is a restored historic Romanesque Revival style Opera House that is presently directed as a not-for-profit performing arts theater. The Bishop's Palace, also known as Gresham's Castle, is an ornate Victorian home positioned on Broadway and 14th Street in the East End Historic District of Galveston, Texas.
Menard House, assembled in 1838 and earliest in Galveston, is designed in the Greek revival style.
One of the first brick structures in Texas, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a recorded Texas Historic Landmark.
Joseph's Church was assembled by German immigrants in 1859 60 and is the earliest wooden church building in Galveston and the earliest German Catholic Church in Texas. The church was dedicated in April 1860, to St.
Galveston's undivided architecture include the American National Insurance Company Tower (One Moody Plaza), San Luis Resort South and North Towers, The Breakers Condominiums, The Galvestonian Resort and Condos, One Shearn Moody Plaza, US National Bank Building, the Rainforest Pyramid at Moody Gardens, John Sealy Hospital Towers at UTMB and Medical Arts Building (also known as Two Moody Plaza).
The command posts of The Galveston County Daily News The Galveston County Daily News, established in 1842, is the city's major journal and the earliest continuously printed journal in Texas. It presently serves as the journal of record for the town/city and the Texas City Post serves as the journal of record for the County.
Originally licensed in Galveston, KGUL was the second tv station to launch in the Houston region after KPRC-TV. One of the initial investors in the station was actor James Stewart, along with a small group of other Galveston investors. In June 1959, KGUL changed its call sign to KHOU and moved their chief office to Houston.
Galveston has been home to many meaningful figures in Texas and U.S.
Who represented Galveston in the Senate of the Second Texas Legislature in 1847 and assisted in drawing up the Constitution of 1845.
In 1886, the black Galveston civil rights prestige Norris Wright Cuney rose to turn into the head of the Texas Republican Party and one of the most meaningful Southern black leaders of the century. Noted portrait and landscape artist Verner Moore White moved from Galveston the day before the 1900 hurricane.
While he survived, his studio and much of his portfolio were destroyed. A survivor of the hurricane was the Hollywood director King Vidor, who made his directing debut in 1913 with the film Hurricane in Galveston. Later Jack Johnson, nicknamed the "Galveston Giant", became the first black world heavyweight boxing champion. established a company empire, which includes American National Insurance Company, a primary national insurer, and established the Moody Foundation, one of the biggest charitable organizations in the United States. Sam Maceo, a nationally known organized crime boss, with the help of his family, was largely responsible for making Galveston a primary U.S.
Mitchell, pioneer of hydraulic fracturing technology and developer of The Woodlands, Texas, was born and raised in Galveston.
Fertitta, part of the Maceo bloodline, established the Landry's Restaurants corporation, which owns various restaurants and entertainment venues in Texas and Nevada. Kay Bailey Hutchison was the senior senator from Texas and the first female Texas senator. Gilbert Pena, incoming 2015 Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from Pasadena, was born in Galveston in 1949 and lived there in early childhood. Galveston City Hall After the hurricane of 1900, the town/city originated the City Commission form of town/city government (which became known as the "Galveston Plan").
Galveston's town/city council serves as the city's legislative branch, while the town/city manager works as the chief executive officer, and the municipal court fitness serves as the city's judicial branch.
The Galveston City Council consists of six propel positions, each derived from a specified electoral district.
The town/city council appoints the town/city manager, the town/city secretary, the town/city auditor, the town/city attorney, and the municipal judge.
The city's Tax Collector is determined by the town/city council and is outsourced to Galveston County.
The Galveston Fire Department provides fire protection services through six fire stations and 17 pieces of apparatus. The Galveston Police Department has provided the city's police protection for more than 165 years.
The town/city is served by the Rosenberg Library, successor to the Galveston Mercantile Library, which was established in 1871.
It is the earliest enhance library in the State of Texas. The library also serves as command posts of the Galveston County Library System, and its librarian also functions as the Galveston County Librarian. Galveston County Justice Center The Galveston US Post Office, Custom House and Courthouse Galveston is the seat and second-largest town/city (after League City, Texas) of Galveston County in population. The Galveston County Justice Center, which homes all the county's judicial functions as well as jail, is positioned on 59th street.
The Galveston County Administrative Courthouse, the seat of civil and administrative functions, is positioned near the city's downtown. Galveston is inside the County Precinct 1; as of 2008 Patrick Doyle serves as the Commissioner of Precinct 1. The Galveston County Sheriff's Office operates its law enforcement command posts and jail from the Justice Center. The Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services operates the Galveston Community Center. Galveston is positioned in District 23 of the Texas House of Representatives.
As of 2008, Craig Eiland represents the district. Most of Galveston is inside District 17 of the Texas Senate; as of 2008 Joan Huffman represents the district. A portion of Galveston is inside District 11 of the Texas Senate; as of 2008 Mike Jackson represents the district. Galveston is in Texas's 14th congressional precinct and is represented by Republican Randy Weber as of 2012.
The Galveston Division of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, the first federal court in Texas, is based in Galveston and has jurisdiction over the counties of Galveston, Brazoria, Chambers and Matagorda. It is homed in the United States Post Office, Customs House and Court House federal building in downtown Galveston. The United States Postal Service operates a several postal services in Galveston, including the Galveston Main Post Office and the Bob Lyons Post Office Station. In addition the postal service has a contract postal unit at the Medical Branch Unit on the ground of the University of Texas Medical Branch and the West Galveston Contract Postal Unit, positioned on the west end of Galveston Island in the beachside improve of Jamaica Beach.
Scholes International Airport at Galveston (IATA: GLS, ICAO: KGLS) is a two-runway airport in Galveston; the airport is primarily used for general aviation, offshore energy transportation, and some limited military operations.
The Galveston Railway, originally established and titled in 1854 as the Galveston Wharf and Cotton Press Company, is a Class III terminal switching barns that primarily serves the transit of cargo to and from the Port of Galveston.
The stockyards operates 32 miles (51 km) of yard track at Galveston, over a 50-acre (200,000 m2) facility. Island Transit, which operates the Galveston Island Trolley manages the city's enhance transit services.
Galveston is served by Amtrak's Texas Eagle via connecting bus service at Longview, Texas.
Interstate 45 has a southern end in Galveston and serves as a chief artery to Galveston from mainland Galveston County and Houston.
Farm to Market Road 3005 (locally called Seawall Boulevard) joins Galveston to Brazoria County via the San Luis Pass-Vacek Toll Bridge.
Main article: Education in Galveston, Texas Galveston College, a junior college that opened in 1967, and Texas A&M University at Galveston, an ocean-oriented branch ground of Texas A&M University. The town/city of Galveston is served by Galveston Independent School District, which includes six elementary schools, two middle schools and one high school, Ball High School.
Galveston has a several state-funded charter schools not affiliated with small-town school districts, including kindergarten through 8th undertaking Ambassadors Preparatory Academy and pre-kindergarten through 8th Grade Odyssey Academy. In addition KIPP: the Knowledge Is Power Program opened KIPP Coastal Village in Galveston under the auspices of GISD. Several private schools exist in Galveston.
Galveston Independent School District Administration Building The theater film, The Man from Galveston (1963), was the initial pilot episode of the proposed NBC tv series Temple Houston, with Jeffrey Hunter cast as Temple Lea Houston, a lawyer and the youngest son of the legendary Sam Houston.
Donald Barthelme's 1974 short story "I bought a little city" is about an unnamed man who invests his fortune in buying Galveston, only to sell it after that. Galveston is the setting of Sean Stewart's 2000 fantasy novel Galveston, in which a Flood of Magic takes over the island city, resulting in strange and carnivalesque adventures.
The Drowning House, a novel by Elizabeth Black (2013), is an exploration of the island of Galveston, Texas, and the intertwined histories of two families who reside there. Stephenie Meyer has mentioned Galveston island in her third book of the Twilight series, Eclipse.
As of 2007, Galveston has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International: History of the Jews in Galveston, Texas "The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association".
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Categories:
Galveston, Texas - Cities in Galveston County, Texas - County seats in Texas - Galveston Bay Area - Populated coastal places in Texas - Port metros/cities and suburbs of the United States Gulf Coast - Former state capitals in the United States - Greater Houston - Populated places established in the 1830s - Capitals of former nations - Cities in Texas - Seaside resorts in the United States - Pirate dens and locations
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